Angels with Dirty Faces Film Review

Madden 1 Sarah Madden 18 November 2012 Film Review: Angels with Dirty Faces, USA 1938 The film I have chosen to review and analyse under the theoretical frame Genre is Angels with Dirty Faces, a gangster film directed by Michael Curtiz starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart. In Andrew Tudor’s book â€Å"Theories of Film†, he argued that genre is â€Å"what we collectively believe it to be†. I believe that when Tudor says â€Å"we† he means the audience. Audiences have an expectation of what they assume a film to be like and this is down to genre.According to Jill Nelmes, â€Å"Genre is a fundamental means by which we communicate†. Characters, setting and events are made predictable to assist the audience in fulfilling their expectations. The study of Iconography also has a lot to do regarding genre and how such things like props, costumes and settings can tell the audience what genre a film is supposed to be in. When films are placed in certain g enres, recurring events and characters are expected.The likes of Al Capone and James Cagney were recurring actors on contract used for the gangster genre in the Hollywood Studio System around the 1930s and this entertained the audiences as they knew what to expect from their idealised actors from the roles they played. Angels with Dirty Faces epitomises the gangster genre during the 1930s. Made in 1938, the Michael Curtiz film followed rules and conventions that were expected of the genre around that time. The gangster film emerged from the Great Depression and the First World War, as gangsters of America, and more precisely New York began to â€Å"run† urban cities.In â€Å"A World History of Film†, Robert Sklar wrote: â€Å"These [Gangster] films responded to the changes in urban crime as a result of the post-World War 1 amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting the manufacture, distribution, or sale of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition fostered powerfu l criminal organizations that supplied illegal liquor, their highly publicized exploits found their way into films in the later 1920s. † Madden 2 There is an obvious question regarding gangster films about whether they suppress criminality or encourage it.In Angels with Dirty Faces, we see how the gangster lifestyle is having a bad effect on the youths, but how the main gangster, Rocky Sullivan, is punished in the end for his rebellion against the law. In his review of the film, Jeremiah Kipp wrote: â€Å"It begs the question of how much the gangster movie star persona affects our youth. † The film fits the genre it is categorised in as it follows the conventions of other gangster films. It is set in the slums of New York City where the Dead End Kids grow up and where Rocky Sullivan and Jerry Connolly grew up.There is a loyalty present between Sullivan and Connolly that goes back to when they were delinquent children, although Connolly betters his life by joining the pr iesthood, whereas Sullivan spends his childhood in the society for juvenile delinquents and much of his life in prison. Connolly is coined as the hero in this story and he follows the characteristics of the hero in Schatz’ â€Å"Genres of Order†, whereby Schatz lists the general characteristics related to the heroic figure in the gangster and also western genres.The hero, Schatz describes, is male dominant, located in a contested space usually unstable, surrounded by externalised conflict expressed through violence and takes it upon himself to resolve the problems and eliminate the villain, usually leading to the death of the villain. Connolly possesses all of these traits as he is indeed male, the location is in the slums of the city, he is surrounded by figures like Sullivan who use violence as a solution and he, being old friends with Sullivan, tries to stop him on his own, without police assistance, as we see in the final scenes of the film.This shows how character s in a certain type of film genre can help define that genre as they follow similar characteristics. Another aspect common within the gangster genre and present within Angels with Dirty Faces, is the rise and fall of the gangster, which we see from when Sullivan is released from prison at the start to when he is executed at the end. The message in almost all of the gangster films is that crime doesn’t pay, which is shown by the demise of the gangster at the end. Films within the gangster genre also follow certain themes such as Betrayal, Self-destruction and Loyalty.We can see these themes emerging in Curtiz’ film as Connolly betrays Sullivan, for the benefit of the Dead End Kids, by giving information to the newspapers and police and going public in a bid to stop the crime in the city, starting with Sullivan. The theme of Self-destruction is also evident as Sullivan does no favours for himself by rebelling against the law and by shooting at the police. Madden 3 Sulliv an continually makes bad choices which end up in his own self-destruction as he is eventually caught and punished for his actions.The theme of Loyalty is also introduced in gangster films, usually with the gangster mobs being loyal to one another, but in Angels with Dirty Faces, we see Sullivan’s loyalty to Connolly. Sullivan respects Connolly and shows this at the end of the film when Connolly asks Sullivan to be a coward at the time of his death, so as not to be a hero to the Dead End Kids, which Sullivan reluctantly does. The study of Iconography ties in with the defining of genre as an audience can tell the type of genre a film is within the opening sequence, looking at clothing, props, music and settings.The visual signifiers of a gangster film include weapons such as guns; the setting being usually in a big city, smart clothing on the successful, superior gangsters and shabby clothing on the younger figures living in a gangster lifestyle. The visual signifiers of Angels with Dirty Faces which helped determine it was a gangster film was the enclosed urban city setting, the troublesome youths stealing from a cargo train and the fast and anticipating music when they are running from the police, followed by the downbeat, ominous tone of music when one of the youths are caught.The verbal signifiers also helps one determine the genre of a film, as the dialogue and language used can indicate the film. The way the two young boys speak, along with how they are dressed, shows their upbringing in an unprivileged, urban lifestyle. The first shot shows a newspaper headline, which reads â€Å"Harding nominated for President† reveals to the audience that the film was set in 1921. The film shows many front page newspaper close-ups throughout, which helps the audience follow what is going on without having to show a clip-by-clip action.Angels with Dirty Faces follows the pattern of other gangster genre films by the execution of Sullivan at the end, showing the rise and fall of the gangster. This portrays a message to the audience that the gangster never wins. For morality purposes, the gangster cannot be seen as glorified and must always be seen to be defeated or killed in order to protect society. In his article, â€Å"Teaching through Genre†, Tom Ryall says that â€Å"Genres may be defined as patterns/forms/styles/structures which transcend individual films, and which supervise both their construction by the film maker, and their reading by an audience.Madden 4 Ryall is saying that although films are made individually, they follow some patterns or structures which categorises them into certain types of genre. The gangster film follows certain aspects regarding iconography, setting, events etc. which make it fall into the gangster genre. Angels with Dirty Faces follows some of the forms and structures of other gangster films such as the use of weapons, the violence, the slick clothing of the higher gangsters and the death of the gangster at the end which all show why it locates itself in the Gangster genre.Iconography is also used when defining genre as it helps an audience fulfil their expectations. Madden 5 Works Cited Angels with Dirty Faces. Dir. Michael Curtiz. Perf. James Cagney, Pat O’Brien, Humphrey Bogart. Warner Bros, 1938. DVD. Sklar, Robert. A World History of Film. Ed. Katherine Rangoon Doyle. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , 2002. Print. Hollows, Joanne, and Mark Jancovich, eds. Approaches to Popular Film. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Print.Nelmes, Jill, ed. An Introduction to Film Studies. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge, 1999. Print. Kipp, Jeremiah. â€Å"Angels with Dirty Faces†. Rev. of Angels with Dirty Faces, dir. Michael Curtiz. Slant Magazine Online: 2 Feb. 2005. Web. 17 Nov. 2012. Tudor, Andrew. Theories of Film. New York: Viking Adult, 1974. Print. Schatz, Thomas. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. New York, N. Y. : McGraw- Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 1981. Print.

Cooper Industries Case Study Essay

OVERVIEW: Cooper Industries is a broadly diversified manufacturer of electrical and general industrial products, and energy related machinery and equipment. The company operates in three different business segments with 21 separate profit centers. These segments include electrical and electronic, commercial and industrial, compression, drilling and energy equipment. The product line is consisted of cheap fuses to $3 million compressor tribune sets along with products such as hand tools and light fixtures. The company bid a $21-a-share tender offer to acquire Champion Spark Plug, manufacturer of auto spark plugs, as a counter offer for the Dana Corp.’s $17.50-a-share bid. Also, in the mean time, Cooper Industries was considering a $700 million bid for Cameron Iron Works. Even though purchasing either or both companies will give operational and organizational advantages, there were high financial risks involved. Undertaking both acquisitions would result in a 55% to 60% debt to capitalization ratio. ANALYSIS: Cooper Industries acquired more than 60 manufacturing companies over a thirty year span in order to increase the size and the scope of the company. Most of the acquired companies made it possible for Cooper to be independent of the outside environment and giving full control of the manufacturing process concerning their business while avoiding anti-trust allegations. Cooper basically purchased every company that is vital to its energy industry and all the side industries that effect it. From tools to fuses to cables to the drilling equipment was manufactured and distributed by the corporation’s divisions. Each acquisition is decided from a wish list that was closely examined and studied. At the time of the take over, the Management Development & Planning division would implement the corporate strategy in a period of three to five years. This involves diversification and elimination of the products that are poor sellers. In some cases the production plant is relocated and the staff is reorganized for the best efficient set up. In time all these companies are turned into profit centers. RECOMMENDATIONS: One of my first suggestions will be to consider Cameron Iron Works first since all the valves and other natural gas and petroleum products will be more beneficiary. Apparently there is more demand for Cameron’s products than the Champions. Little adjustments in the production process along with the ‘Cooperization’ adjustment will have make the company efficient in a short period of time. In contrast, Champion is considered to have 1950’s production techniques and only one product line, spark plugs, which will require tremendous changes within the company. The other option may be to purchase both of the companies, regardless of the financial risks involved. By allocating all the departments such as Management Development & Planning in the process, Cooper may turn things around. Since the beginning, Cooper’s way of acquiring companies seem to create success stories in the end. Champion still has brand name recognition in Europe and Asia (personal knowledge) which maybe taken advantage of. Major changes for the American market may take place while the revenues from the overseas sales finance the process. And once the changes are made in here, according to the demand the product line maybe readjusted for those markets. One other option for the Champion acquisition maybe to consider other possible options in the automotive parts industry. There may be other companies requiring less adjustment, and maybe turned into profit centers in less time than Champion. If buying both the companies is not possible at the time, then Cameron seems like a better option giving independence to Cooper in the valve dependence. Utilization of this company seems more of a priority at the time. However Dana may end up buying Champion if Cooper delay the acquisition.

Implementation Case on Information Technology Coursework

Implementation Case on Information Technology - Coursework Example When it comes to managing change, the main problem that the management faces is employee resistance. This problem is addressed by involving all the employees in the process of managing change and by creating a communications structure which shows to the organization that the top management is committed to making a successful transition. These factors were not addressed in the case. And as a result, the project team members lost confidence in the project’s credibility. The critical success factor was to choose a project leader who had the right skills and experience. This did not appear to be the case as the chosen project leader was unable to resolve the conflicts between the different parties involved in the project. There was controversy as personnel from the department of accounting and finance felt excluded from project management (Bernier, Roy & Brunelle, 2006C). This indicates that there was lack of inter-departmental coordination. This led to difficulties in project man agement. It was the project manager’s responsibility to ensure that all the team members were equally represented. However he failed in this task. As a result the implementation process was held up. The project manager also did not have the right focus. He focused on project completion rather than on whether the implementation was being conducted in a manner which was strategically aligned to the business processes. As a result there were complaints from the team members. The implementation was focused too much on delivery times. In implementing ERP, the critical success factor is to ensure that the software functionalities are aligned to the business processes. It is more effective to change the software to suit the business processes than otherwise. However because the project leader’s only concern was to complete the implementation in time, the strategic alignment process was ignored. As a result the user groups began to question the credibility of the IT department . The user groups also complained that the project manager had become involved in political games which made him favor the IT department. Therefore the project manager had failed to involve all the departments in project management. The result was a confrontation between the IT department and the user groups and this led to difficulties in the implementation process. Although the user groups had been involved in the project management team, they did not know how their efforts were tied to the strategic focus of the company. One of the team members complained that he was constantly writing progress reports. Other team members felt that their time was not being used productively. Because the project manager was focusing too much on completion, the departmental requirements were not addressed. As a result the team members lost confidence in the implementation process and felt that the chosen software was not the right one for the organization. In these circumstances the project team me mbers did not feel motivated to invest their time and efforts in implementing the project. This situation was jeopardizing the future of the project. Because of the defective communications process, there were conflicts between the user groups and the software experts. The user groups felt that the software functionalities did not address the business processes effectively while the software experts were convinced they had the right configuration of options. In this situation there were problems in various dimensions of the project. The

Principles of Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of Organizational Behavior - Essay Example High scores in this category show that the person is agreeable and will take on consider ideas from other people. Conscientiousness is the third dimension used to describe human behavior. This entails a person who is responsible, dependable yet very persistent in what they are doing (Hoyle 46). Such a person sets goals for themselves and will not stop till they achieve what they want to. High scores in this show a person who focuses on a few things at a time and pushes on till they are successful. Low scores indicate a person who gets distracted easily, and is likely to give up on something before it is completed. Emotional stability is the fourth dimension of this model. A person who is emotionally stable is normally calm, no matter the situation. They are also very enthusiastic about what they are doing and carry with them an air of positive attitude (Hoyle 47). High scores in this category is an indication of a person who is emotionally stable. Low scores indicate otherwise, that the person is not emotionally stable, meaning that they are mostly nervous and will easily give up when things don’t turn out well. The last dimension used to describe human behavior in this model is openness to experience. This category entails being imaginative and very creative. These attributes make the person artistic. People who embrace new experiences happen to be very intelligent because they will always figure out a way to go through the new experience and make the best out of it. High scores here show a person who is always ready to try out new things and learn new things (Hoyle 48). Low scores indicate someone who is not interested in new innovations and ideas. They only want to dwell in what they are familiar with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student is one who is easy to work with, since they are agreeable and will take time to consider the ideas of other people. In addition to that, the student is open to experience, emotionally stable and also responsible and very

In what ways does cinema verite differ from documentary film and what Essay

In what ways does cinema verite differ from documentary film and what methods do film makers create realism in documentaries - Essay Example Documentary can broadly be described as cinematic expression that reveals ‘fullness and completion, knowledge and truth’ (Nichols, 1994:1). They focus on actual evidence of the events, using real people rather than actors of fictional films who portray other characters. As such, they have minimal editing, reflecting the unvarnished truth. Cinema verite, on the other hand, is a French expression that means ‘truthful cinema’ that records events as they are occurring, often prodding real people to reveal new information in order to showcase new dimension of issue or events (Black, 2002). Hence, it can be defined as documentaries with wide scope of capturing truth. The editing of film makes it more dramatic and, therefore, has greater impact than normal documentary films that are stark in their thematic reality. Documentary films are also accompanied by narratives that highlight events and often inform the public of its relevance by relating it to the history of events. The viewer is, therefore, updated with information about the events and can draw conclusion of truth as he/he sees the documentary. Cinema verite has no narrator and, therefore, the viewer has the freedom to interpret the film as he/she sees. The spontaneity of real characters makes it interesting because they are designed to reveal new aspects of their personality or issues which are often not intended for public. Nanook of the North, made in 1922, is a prime example of cinema verite which documents ethnographic study of Inuits. It has used photographic technics vis-a-vis fade out transition and editing to streamline and emphasize the issue (Renoy, 1993). This is very interesting and pertinent fact of cinema Verite that distinguishes it from normal documentary films. Another very important difference is that textual representation of live events in documentary films are seen as truthful expression of reality. There is little ambiguity because footage of events is not edite d and voiceover is just to inform the audience about the issue which they see in the films. Cinema verite is proactive in its depiction of truth because while it captures the events as they occur, it actively provokes subjects in the event to provide new stance to the event. Mamber (1976) asserts that it is not just mutant offspring of documentary technique but tends to highlight the stance of the film maker. It tries to reveal new aspects of events rather than focusing on only one angle of the truth. Very often, the film maker uses editing techniques to showcase truth which could dramatize the events. Thus, it tends to expose paradoxical facets of the true events and makes them more intriguing and interesting. Facilitated by the technology advancements, the world of cinematic documentary has unfolded unprecedented way of unlocking truth and bringing them directly to the public. In the contemporary times, making documentary films has become very challenging because of the diversity of subjects and myriad formats of media tools can be easily exploited to divulge truth. Cinema verite of France, Direct Cinema of America and observatory films of the UK are all varying formats of documentary films that are based on true events. Popularly known as ‘voice’, the reconstructions and structuring tools used in documentary become the vital factor that shift the focus to spotlight and produce

Strategic Company Analysis on The Body Shop Research Paper - 2

Strategic Company Analysis on The Body Shop - Research Paper Example The Body Shop works in a clean environment where they have managed to keep their competitive edge. They work is a diverse environment and they also aim to encourage a healthy environment in the world by working against torture of any kind to humans and animals.  Marketing activities are influenced by several factors inside and outside the business firm. These factors or forces influencing marketing decision-making are collectively called the marketing environment. It comprises all these factors, which have an impact on the market and marketing efforts of the Body Shop.  Macro environment refers to those factors, which are external forces in the company’s activities and do not concern the immediate environment. The macro environment is uncontrollable factors, which indirectly affect the concerns ability to operate in the market effectively.  Forces in an organization’s general environment have profound effects on its task environment. In fact, managers must constan tly analyze forces in the general environment because these affect long term decision-making.  PEST analysis for the general environment are including economic forces; social, cultural, demographic and environmental forces; political, government, and legal forces; technological forces; competitive forces; and Global forces.  Michael Porter created the Five Forces Model to help managers identify forces in the environment that are potential threats. According to Porter, the nature of competitiveness in a given industry can be viewed as a composite of five forces.

Budget report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budget report - Essay Example Throughout the term, my General Merchandise expenses were valued at $314.20. This figure accounted for 7.9% of the total amount I spent. I decided to break down this percentage according to the amounts I spent each month, that is, 12.1% ($192.88) in February, 7.6% ($103.00) in March, and 3.9% ($18.32) in April. In this category, I have realized that I can make a considerable improvement. There are no variations in the amounts I spent weekly on general merchandise. However, my expenditure shows that I spent less in March-$103.00 compared to February-$192.88, and even less in April-$18.32. I spent more in February because I had to travel to Georgia to visit my cousin who was newly admitted to Georgia Institute of Technology. I spent much money in air tickets and in buying gifts and a few treats. I believe that the expenses of the following months will not escalate save for a few emergencies that may arise. For groceries, my expenses accounted for 15.20% of the total expenditure. This was valued at $603.63. I had to spend a lot in groceries in March-a total of $272.78 (reflecting 45.19% of the total amount spent on groceries for the term) because I fell ill and the doctors recommended taking more than four meals a day to cater for energy loses. April’s grocery expenses were much less since I had begun cutting on my budget. Grocery expenses in April were $151.99 (25.18%) and $178.86 (29.63%) in February. I am capable of cutting more on grocery expenses by 10% in May because I have identified the stores that sell similar products at lower prices. Restaurant/Bar expenses accounted for $871.81, reflecting 21.94% of the overall expenditure. This category included buying drinks for the occasional parties we hold in our favorite restaurant, purchasing party cups, hiring rooms when it is too late to reach home, and buying burgers and pizza at least once a week. It is

Written Assignment Questions about Orgamisation Management Essay

Written Assignment Questions about Orgamisation Management - Essay Example He implies that there should not only be one beneficiary of an organization saying that both the employer and the employee must gain a certain level of benefits that would be commensurate to the effort that both employee and employer has put in. His main objective was to increase productivity of the workers. He noticed that workers had their own way of doing their work even without any specific instructions on how it should be done. This discovery led to the conclusion that if the employees are left to their devises it made them lose efficiency and that they were not maximizing their abilities. He then introduced a solution of having supervisors to teach and help the workers do their work the right way. He further analyzed the actions and responsibilities that are essential in any job within the organization and developed processes for the jobs could be done in the most efficient ways possible. With the improved processes, the job requirements were coupled with the training of the workers and the support of the supervisors. They come in the type of right direction, assistance and incentives. With this, he included four principles guiding actions. First of the four principles is develop for every job a â€Å"science† that includes rules of motion, standardized work implements and proper working conditions. The second principle is to select worker with the right abilities for the job. The third is to carefully train workers to do the job and give them the proper incentives in cooperate with the job â€Å"science†. And the last principle is to support workers by carefully planning their work and by smoothing the way as they go about their jobs (Schermerhorn, 2007). The first principle says that any job should have guidelines of how to do implement the job. An example of this is in a fast food establishment, each of their burgers have a different way of cooking but a method was introduced to

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Critically examine the argument that organizations are gendered and evaluate different strategies for achieving gender equality - Essay Example e established dominance of males in the vast number of areas of public life, women are often placed in a disadvantaged position from the very beginning. Studies have revealed that such gender inequality have grave effects on women’s perceptions of their efficiency and motivation. Some women fall into the trap of giving in to bleak self-fulfilling prophecies that they are not as good as their male co-workers and eventually prove the expectations to be right. Working women are usually faced with a multitude of challenges. On top of balancing their duties and responsibilities as members of their families, they need to be efficient workers and competitive in their chosen professions. One main challenge is the issue of proving themselves as worthy employees to gain equal opportunities with men. Some work places may not be too accepting of the empowerment of women in employment and may strip them of their dignity to make them realize that they do not belong there. Due to the significance of equal opportunities to citizens the world over, laws have been passed to ensure that they are available to everyone. These laws have been designed protect anyone from being discriminated against by reason of sex, marital status, ethnic or national origin, color, race, nationality, age, disability, religion, and differing terms of employment, including pay for jobs of equal value. 1 In the United Kingdom, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (amended 1986 and in the Employment Act 1989) makes it unlawful to discriminate in terms of gender who is offered the job; opportunities for promotion, transfer and training. (Equal Opportunities Management Guidelines) The Gender Equality Duty, which is included in the new law, requires public bodies to eliminate sex discrimination and promote equality throughout their services, policies, and employment and recruitment practices. The monumental world-wide response to the Platform for Action for the resolution of women’s issues delivered

Architecture and Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Architecture and Environment - Assignment Example The architects scrutinize whether the site is legible for reducing waste hence minimizing the impact on the local ecology and the environment (Brebbia, & Broadbent, 2006). It also relates to the environment because architectural designs try to achieve thermal comfort for the people who will occupy the construction. They design buildings in a way that they control the internal environment factors such as air, temperature and humidity (Kembel et.al 2012: Smith, 2011). Architecture also relates to the environment in terms of study of behavior. They study the beliefs, behavior and attitudes of people regarding the environment (Carmona, & Tiesdell, 2007). They also evaluate the effectiveness of the environment in order to ensure that the process of construction meets the specific objectives (Marquardt, Bueter, & Motzek, 2014). They take a consideration of the human environment and behavioral systems such as planning and policies aimed at controlling the environment. Architecture is also interested in the study of the interrelation between human beings and their man-made and natural environment and the relation towards the field of environmental design (Mallory-Hill, Preiser, & Watson, 2012). However, a contrast exists between the two disciplines. While architecture deals with the management of any action that relays to the design and use of space and land, the environment, by contrast, is concerned with the management of the natural and built enviro nment (Thomas, 2002: Baker, & Steemers, 2000).   Kembel, S. W., Jones, E., Kline, J., Northcutt, D., Stenson, J., Womack, A. M., & Green, J. L. (2012). Architectural design influences the diversity and structure of the built environment microbiome.  The ISME Journal,  6(8), 1469-1479. Marquardt, G., Bueter, K., & Motzek, T. (2014). Impact of the design of the built environment on people with dementia: An evidence-based

Evaluate Research on Conformity Making Reference to 2 Studies Essay Example for Free

Evaluate Research on Conformity Making Reference to 2 Studies Essay Conformity is the tendency to adjust one’s thoughts, feelings or behaviour in ways that are in agreement with those of a particular individual or group, or with accepted standards about how a person should behave in specific situations (social norms). It is also the key ways that a society or culture passes down its values or behaviours to its peers through an indirect form of social influence. Deusch and Gerald (1995) first presented that the reasons of people conforming is due to two factors that are information social influence and normative social influences. Information social influence is based on the ways people cognitively process information about specific situations. Normative social influence is based on our nature as social animals, and our need to be accepted and to ‘belong’ in society. Individuals often conform to avoid rejection and gain social approval within society. Festinger (1954) also agreed that people evaluate their own opinions and judgement through social comparisons, which is when the individual compares themselves to the peers around them When one realizes that others are not behaving in the same way, or think differently, it leads to anxiety, which is known as cognitive dissonance. In order to test for conformity, Asch carried a test where the subject was given a simple task of matching a length of line to one of three other comparison lines. The control subjects (who were able to take the test alone without any confederates) that served as the comparison to the variable (the individual who was tested for conformity) made almost no errors. In the experimental condition, one individual was tested but were surrounded by seven other confederates of the experimenter, who were told to give wrong estimates almost 70% of the trials. The subject was also second to last giving their answers, so that they were faced either giving their own opinion or conforming to the group. The average rate of conformity was 32%. 74% conformed at least once and 26% never conformed. In order to identity factors influencing conformity, Asch conducted variations to his experiment. Asch found out that with only one confederate, only 3% of the participant conformed, and with two confederates the rate rose to 14% and with three confederates, it rose to 32%. Larger groups did not increase the rate of conformity. Unanimity was an another factor, where conformity was more prominent when all the confederates agreed. If one of the confederates disagreed, the participant was less likely to conform. The difficulty of the task also increased conformity. Also when the participant was given the choice to write down their response, conformity decreased. Confidence and self-esteem was another significant role in influencing the participants, as people with high confidence strongly believed in their opinion, and were less likely to conform. However, even the participants that did not conform still felt strong social pressure. Although these results were quite reliable to a certain extent, there were multiple criticism towards the experiment. The experiment was considered ‘artificial’ with low ecological validity. There were also ‘demanding characteristics,’ where the participant may have changed their behaviour in order to please researchers. Also there was a lack in cultural diversity as the experiment may only represent the US in 1940-1950s. Because the individuals were placed in deception and anxiety, it also resulted in ethic concerns. Also, there were ethic concerns as the individuals were placed in deception and anxiety. Berry (1967) suggested that conformity is required by their respective survival level economics. Low food receiving societies tend to produce self-reliant independent individuals, while high food producing societies are group reliant and dependent. He also proved his theory by using a variation of Asch’s experiment through using samples of the Temne Sierra Leone and the Inuit people of Canada. Hunting and fishing in Eskimos show great tolerance in disciplining children, therefore resulting in independent and risk taking individuals. Rich farming Temne people apply strict disciplinary measures, resulting in more dependent and group reliant individuals. Therefore the experiment resulted that the Temne people of Sierra Leone conformed significantly more than the Inuit people of Canada, probably because of the economic differences. The Temne people usually had to survive on a single crop that is harvested by all the people in the society, therefore requiring each other’s trust and coordination of effort. . The culture also mainly focuses on agreement and harmony. Consensus is less present in Inuit culture as their economy is based on continual hunting and gathering on a relatively individual basis. However sometimes, there have been several examples of minority commitment to a view not held by the majority throughout the 20th century. This includes women’s right’s to vote in civil rights movement, environmental movement etc. Also research proved that minority opinions are significant in a group’s decision-making process. Groupthink happens when someone in a group suggest an idea, and everyone accepts the idea without considering other possible opinions It represents the group members having concordant opinions in an issue, resulting in not seeking alternative or disagreeing opinions, often because optimism prevents their decisions from becoming successful.

School Essay Essay Example for Free

School Essay Essay Thank you for your interest in these resources for teacher professional development. This document outlines the content Microsoft is making available to help support teacher professional development, specifically content to enable the delivery of hands-on, project-based learning workshops for K-12 teachers. This content resides in the Microsoft Partners in Learning Network http://us. partnersinlearningnetwork. com/, Microsoft’s free online community site within a new community called â€Å"Microsoft Teacher Professional Development† community. Here is a direct link to this community[-0]. Be sure to click Join Now on the right side to access the content as this will be the place for the latest updates and community-contributed best practices for training teachers. The workshop curriculum is designed and organized as hands-on, project-based learning activities that are designed to be delivered to by a teacher leader (i. e. , train the trainer). The workshops integrate Microsoft Office, Web 2. 0 tools and a number of free tools Microsoft provides to create and inspire teachers to develop student-centered activities that use technology in relevant and real-world ways in the classroom. All of the materials are provided for free to teachers and teacher leaders to use within their professional development practices within the schools and districts. Any of the content can be customized for use within your schools and districts. There is content to support four workshops designed for K-12 teachers in the four folders provided. Each workshop is designed to run about 3 hours. Each folder contains all of the digital assets you will need all you need to provide are the teachers! 🙂 This content was developed by Knowledge Network Solutions (KNS) in close collaboration with Microsoft. KNS is a dynamic group of ex-teachers who are experts at applying technology in effective and relevant ways in the classroom aligned to academic and technology standards. To help you navigate the workshop content, here are some tips tricks to sorting through the below resources and suggestions for use. There are 4 workshops, each with its own curriculum organized in these folders: 1. Tools for Engaging All Learners in the Classroom 2. Using Collaborative Tools in the Classroom 3. Effective Communication Tools for Teachers 4. Classroom Organization Tools for Teachers Each of the above workshops includes the following resources to support the workshop. The below table provides an overview of the resources for each workshop and suggestions for how these can be used. Resource|Description|Tips for Use| Workshop Overview| §1-2 page summary of the workshop, including learning objectives and intended outcomes for teachers and students  §Detailed overview of the Microsoft products used in each workshop| §Familiarize yourself with the overall objectives of the workshop  §Use to provide an overview to teachers who will attend the workshop  §Use to promote the workshop| Narrated PowerPoint Presentations| §Expert audio-narrated PowerPoint presentations produced by the creators of the workshop curriculum  §Labeled as Mod 1, Mod 2†¦ each workshop has 4 narrated presentations  §For each module there is a presentation that provides:1. Workshop Overview2. Workshop Learning Objectives3. Workshop Preparation Guidance4. Tips Tricks for Delivering a Successful Workshop| §Intended to be used by those planning to deliver a workshop to help them prepare| Participant Manuals| §For each workshop there is a detailed manual to print and provide for each workshop participant  §The manuals provide step-by-step instructions for each project-based learning activity  §The manuals also include tips for how to apply projects across the curriculum| §Print and provide to each workshop attendee.  §Use to gain an in-depth understanding of  the detailed projects and technologies used in each workshop| Workshop Software Set-up spec| §Listing of the necessary hardware and software needed to run the workshop| §Understand the software necessary to complete the activities  §It is important that participants create a free Windows Live ID prior to attending a workshop, as this account will gain them access to a number of Web 2. 0 tools used in the workshop | Presenter PPT Intro| §Presentations for anyone to use (and customize) to support their delivery of the workshop| §Use as a baseline to guide the workshop  §Teacher leaders can customize and develop their own presentations using these as a jumpstart | Participant Sample Files| §Sample files used by the workshop participants to complete the in-workshop activities  §Files include ppts, video, audio, images, and sample data| §Files should be pre-installed on all workshop PCs| We hope that you find these materials useful to engage other teachers and enable them to use technology in successful and innovative ways in the classroom that makes sense in their curriculum and within the learning goals in their classrooms. For more information and resources for training teachers visit www. microsoft. com/teachers[-1] and follow us on Twitter @TeachTec[-2] or on TeachTec Facebook[-3] to stay current on the latest resources, lesson plans and how-to information for using technology in the classroom. Thank you, The Microsoft Education Team [-0] http://us. partnersinlearningnetwork. com/Communities/188ba58f3dd74938bdc0e94c9b196d59/Pages/default. aspx [-1] http://www. microsoft. com/teachers [-2] http://twitter. com/home [-3] http://www. facebook. com/pages/Microsoft-TeachTec/62084237239? ref=ts.

Quality Systems Of Tesco Plc And Waitrose Marketing Essay

Quality Systems Of Tesco Plc And Waitrose Marketing Essay Operations management encompasses all activities in an organisation that transform its inputs into desired outputs. Operation Managements activities consist of planning, designing, implementing and controlling the firms operation through an efficient and effective use of its resources to produce and deliver goods and services so as to satisfy its customers needs (Slack, Chambers, Johnston, 2004). Quality is very important in the mind of the customer because it influences the choice in purchasing that product. A quality product is one which satisfies customer demand completely and which is done right the first time itself. The quality of a product can be classified in two categories, which is firstly the design quality and secondly the performance quality of a product. Design quality involves the purpose of a good or facility. A shopper usually classifies the quality of a product through its look, process and dependability. Furthermore, performance quality involves the extent to which products and services correspond to the plan of the design. Quality management is essential to effective operations management, particularly continuous management. More recent advancements in quality, such as benchmarking and Total Quality Management, have resulted in advancements to operations management as well. Quality management ensures that there is quality in a products and services. Although there are different approaches to solve quality issues, all the goal are the same which is to create a high quality, high performing product or services which is in conformity with customers expectations. Quality management is very important in companies for various reasons. It ensures product quality in the sense that product can be produced as per stated promise, which is durability, performance and reliability. Customer satisfaction where surveys can be conducted to understand the qualities customers want from the product, as well as how it can be improved. Increased revenues as quality products and services give the company a spotless reputation in the industry and this can lead to new customers and also selling additional products and services to existing customers. Moreover unnecessary processes can be eliminated and the employee can do the same job in less time thus decreasing the additional salary paid him. Quality management also helps to reduce wastage as companies that house inventory has to incur the holding costs and also tracking of the inventory which ultimately will be included in the price. Therefore, to keep inventory at a low level without incurring any waste, manuf acturers can work closely with suppliers using a Just-In-Time philosophy and thus becoming more responsive to customers. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a system of collecting data for a research project which provide critical insight into the subject matter of the research. The basis upon which the research approach is selected depends upon the requirement of the research topic and its main objectives. (Fraenkel and Wallen. 1993). According to Saunders et al the two main types of research approaches are quantitative and qualitative research. For the purpose of collecting data on the quality aspect of the operational management, the researcher has adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach. Primary data was obtained from Tesco branch of Thornton Heath which was selected for this purpose and was compared with the Waitrose branch of Croydon. Research techniques such as face to face interviews using open ended questions with the store managers of both supermarkets were used. In addition observation of the processes across various branches of Tesco and Waitrose was done for a period of two weeks. These two particular research techniques were chosen because it enables the researcher to get more detail and additional information which could not have been obtained otherwise if another research methodology for example questionnaire was used. Moreover it enables the researcher to have an insight in the quality problems existing in the operation management. The information obtained during the interviews and through physical observation is used to generalise the quality system and philosophies adopted across all branches as Tesco and Waitrose because as a franchisee these supermar kets are much known for standardisation across all their levels of area of business. Secondary data is another method of obtaining data which is readily available at relatively no cost from sources such as the company website, books, and academic journals at relatively no cost. Some of the limitations of the research techniques used for this research were that the store managers refused to answer some of the questions. HISTORY OF BUSINESS TESCO Supermarkets giant Tesco was founded in 1919 after the First World War by Jack Cohen when he started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East London and made  £1 profit from  £4 sales. Tesco got its name from the initials of TE Stockwell where he was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers and CO from his surname. He managed to cope with adverse economic conditions and subsequently with rapid changing technology, increasingly sophisticated consumers and competitions. The first official store was opened in 1929 and the company kept flourishing throughout the twentieth century. In 1992 the company launched its slogan ; every little helps, followed by Tesco value in 1993 and in 1995 it overtook Sainsburys and became the UKs largest food retailer. . It managed to become the first British trader with a companys loyalty card when the Tesco Clubcard was introduced, and has also developed many innovative products and services to make more profit. Today, Tesco has 2482 stores in the U.K and 2329 stores in other countries, with an overall staff number of 472,000 worldwide. WAITROSE Waitrose is the UK leading chain of quality food retailer and is part of John Lewis Partnership since 1937.Founded in 1904 by William Waite, Arthur Rose and David Taylor in a small town called Acton in West London, today Waitrose is the country most successful, innovative and largest chain of supermarkets differentiating itself from its competitors by providing high quality products and excellent customer services. It mainly targets the high income earners. As to date, Waitrose has 228 branches across the United Kingdom and a 4.3% share of the market, making it the 6th largest grocery retailer in the UK. Waitrose has been expanding in the domestic market by adopting a strategy of growth by acquisition and very recently it has started to franchise its licence. Its first overseas store was opened in Dubai in April 2008 and its plans to focus more on its overseas market in the near future. The main competitors of the chain of supermarket are Marks and Spencer, Tesco, Sainsbury and many more. COMPARISION OF TESCO AND WAITROSE Quality Philosophy Tesco quality philosophy is to deliver the best possible service to the customers by providing high quality products at cheaper price. Its target market is the middle income with young children. Waitrose is committed to bring the best quality of food. Its price is at a premium. It has built its reputation on its quality and the freshness of the food. Its targeted market is the high income earners and compared to Tesco, its stores are located in affluent areas. Quality systems Quality systems Even though Tesco and Waitrose cater to different segments of income group customer both the store stress on quality. They take different aspects into consideration while choosing the products that need to be displayed on their shelves. Below are the various methods that both the stores consider Tesco Tesco takes regular feedback from their customers regarding the quality of the products and the service they received from the stores. Based on the feedback, the Quality control team ensures that the products that reach the stores are of high quality. This ensures the product consistency and good value for the customers, every time. Tescos quality and life of the products are constantly monitored and sample checked across various steps in supply chain from production to the stores. According to Tesco Would I buy it strategy is employed which empowers anyone involved with the production, packaging and shelving. The persons involved in these stages have the right to reject the product which below the specification. Apart from the above methodology, the products are also tested independently every month. This ensures that the delivered product is up to the quality. They also have a technical standard guideline which has to be followed by everyone involved in the supply chain. They consult industry bodies, environmental experts and food safety experts to advise on production aspects. Tesco over the past few years has effectively introduced six sigma methodology across various departments and has successfully reduced the carbon di oxide emissions and also saving energy. Waitrose Similar to the approach taken by Tesco, Waitrose also takes the customer feedback into consideration while doing quality testing. Waitrose looks for producers who can offer quality products and sets very high standards while preparation of the food products. According to Waitrose they uphold high standards of food safety and hygiene, by the usage of latest farming techniques. These include HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical Control Points) systems, ICM (Integrated crop management) system and LIFE (Linking Environment and farming). HACCP is used in food production to identify potential hazards and to control the risks in future. ICM is used to ensure that best horticulture practices are followed and LEAF is independent charitable organisation that helps farmers to reduce the environmental impacts. Recently Waitrose have successfully implemented SAS software to improve the stockholding and cut wastes. This helps them in forecasting customer demand and ensures right product is shelved at the right time. According to Waitrose, this has helped them to reduce stockholding by 8% and wastage by 4%, thus increasing the customer satisfaction through high product availability. Quality Approaches The quality approaches of Tesco and Waitrose will be compared and contrast as follows: Quality of product Compare Quality of products depends on the requirement and satisfaction of customer. Much focus is being placed on quality of products by most of the organisation and Tesco and Waitrose are no different. Both companies offer the range of organic foods which are becoming more and more popular nowadays. The Bags for life scheme is becoming popular in supermarkets so as to cut down the number of traditional carrier bags and therefore, reducing the number ending up in landfill sites. Once the Bag for life is worn out customers can replace it free of charge. Tescos front line initiative if there is more than one person queuing at a single check out then another one is open and also customers are encouraged to give instant feedback on the service thus helping in improving the offer and the service. On the other hand, Waitrose has the quick check method where customers can scan their items and pack them as they are shopping and when finished, they pay at the quick check till without having to unpack and repack their goods. For any business to grow or to compete with others it has become mandatory to use the latest technologies across various levels. Tesco can launch an application with barcode reader integrated with Tesco club card and mobile number. The customer can select the items and scan it through the barcode reader app. At the end of the shopping he/she just scans her app on the till or enter the reference number (could be registered mobile number) provided by the app. This is automatically updated on to the customers club card. This way queues can be reduced by large at the tills. There by increasing the customer satisfaction. Also, Tesco can implement Drive-Thru shopping; where in customer shops online and pays for it online if necessary. The customer just drives at the specified time with the reference number and picks up his goods at the counter just like the Mc Donalds drive thru.

Mussolini And Fascism Essay -- essays research papers

Fascism is the philosophy that exercises a dictatorship through the use of violence. There are two main areas fascism deals with. An elitist approach that makes the peoples' will on a select group with a supreme leader who governs all. The other approach is the populist approach in which the government wishes to have all its people act out against the government's oppressors. (Baradat) Fascism came from the word fasces, a bundle of sticks that were bound to an ax, which was supposed to represent "civic unity and the authority of the Roman officials to punish wrongdoers," (www.funkandwagnall.com) There were three main philosophers who helped to shape the fascist theory, George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzesche, and George Hegal. Sorel had the notion that societies became "decadent and disorganized" naturally. This leading to the use of violence to prevent a decay of nation of this kind. Nietzsche had the theory that two moral codes made up the community. Then there was the ruling class, who created the great empires of the past. Then there was the oppressed class that contributed to the community by bringing in religious ideas and views. This class was also known as the slave morality. Nietzsche also came up with the idea of the perfect man, "overman," who symbolized man at his peak in creativity and his highest intellectual range. The last influential philosopher was George Hegal and agreed with Sorel that war was a necessary thing that brought about unity to the state, while peace only gave way to a weak society. Fascist thinking lives on the idea that the group is working for the benefit of the community. It wishes to organize the government in an attempt to gain power in the state. All the people of the state work for the state's gain and nothing more. The state also in turn should be there for the people if the need arises for things such as food, money, and shelter. (Baradat) Fascism emphasizes nationalism. (www.funkwagnalls.com) "For Fascism, the growth of the empire is an essential manifestation of vitality." It is a governing system best suited for communities who are rising after many years of foreign servitude. (www.fordham.edu) Military conquest was seen as a way to solve the nation's economic problems. The Fascist male was thought to be a Darwinian and not humanitarian. He should ... ...entually returned to his earlier ideas of socialism and collectivization. However, he also executed some of his former Fascist followers who had turned on him, this included his son-in-law, Galeazzo Ciano. Upon trying to escape to Switzerland with his mistress Clara, Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans and executed. Baradat, Leon. Politcal Ideologies. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1994. Funk and Wagnalls Multimedia Encyclopedia: Fascism. http://funkandwagnalls.com/encycopedia/getpage.asp?book=FWENCO†¦/008000150.as Modern History Sourcebook: Benito Mussolini: What is Fascism, 1932. http://www.fordham.edu/halsll/mod/mussolini-fascism.html World War II Commemoration: Benito Mussolini. http://gi.grolier/wwii_mussolini.html

Mythic Heros: Sinbad The Sailor :: essays research papers

Mythic Heros: Sinbad the Sailor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think about mythic heroes, for many years the first name that came to mind was Sinbad: Sinbad the sailor. In his days as an adventurer, he went on seven fantastic voyages which earned him fame for the rest of his life. Yet, now in retrospect, I no longer consider him to be the great adventurer that I saw him as in my childhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On his seven voyages, Sinbad encountered every obstacle one could possibly think of. He and his crew met up with: a fish so large, many mistook it for an island, an island where rocs (enormous birds (their eggs were often mistaken for buildings)) still lived, cannibals, giants, and even herds of angry elephants. On each and everyone one of his famed voyages, he was shipwrecked, alone, and faced with some hideous danger. On each and everyone, he overcame the odds, destroyed his foes, and returned home with riches beyond the imagination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child, the stories of Sinbad's voyages were wildly entertaining. In each one, there was adventure, danger, money, and the hero always came home in one piece. Now that I look back at the stories, there are some parts of Sinbad's fantastic tales that bother me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, Sinbad never set out in search of adventure. These amazing things just seemed to always happen to him. He normally set out as a merchant, carrying goods from one exotic land to another. Yet, on each of these trips, something incredible happened to him and his crew, resulting in a dead crew and a fantastic story for Sinbad the sailor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, all of Sinbad's great adventures occurred sequentially. In other words, he went immediately from one adventure to another without so much as a nap in between. This man never had a quiet boat ride in the entire span of time in which his adventures took place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another interesting point is the manner in which Sinbad always left and returned to his home port in Baghdad. All seven times, he left with a full crew and carrying the goods of a local merchant. Yet all seven times he returned, he was alone, the crew having died in the early part of the respective adventure. All seven times, he returned without the goods that he was to take to market, but he often returned with new riches from the island where he was stranded (and of course, kept them for himself). This leads me to believe that maybe his crew

Comparing Retribution in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Roy’s The God O

Comparing Retribution in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Roy’s The God Of Small Things A close look at two novels, Things Fall Apart, and The God Of Small Things, reveals examples of how their authors illustrate that fate supplies retribution for wrongs done. In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart, there are three linked instances of this type of retribution. First, Ikemefuna details an innocent young man who is unknowingly punished for the crime of another person. Second, Okonkwo is exiled from his village for an accidental crime. Achebe suggests that this is more than coincidence, that this is repayment for his intentional murder of the boy who called him â€Å"father.† Finally, it is suggested that this punishment is also a consequence of his excessive pride. Without Okonkwo’s fear of weakness, he could have avoided killing the innocent Ikemefuna. In a completely different continent and time period, Arundhati Roy’s novel The God Of Small Things expresses very similar occurrences of retribution. In Roy’s novel, three pe ople’s lives are altered for the worse because of their involvement in two deaths. Ammu makes selfish and hasty decisions that end up coming back to haunt both her and her children. This in turn influences her children to make similar decisions, which prolong the cycle of punishment in their lives. The first instance of fated punishment we find in Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, is in the death of a teenage boy, Ikemefuna. In this particular example, the burden of the crime is not borne by the guilty party. Ikemefuna, innocent of any crime himself, is forced from his village as payment for the crime of a member of his Mbaino community. More specifically, Ikemefuna’s father was involved i... ...ish. After all, they are set on different continents, and in different time periods. However it is clear that Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and The God of Small Things, by Arundhati Roy in truth, share a great deal of common ground. On multiple occasions in each novel, characters experience a grave twist of fate that can be attributed to the selfish actions of themselves or someone close to them. This explains why the most interesting similarity these two novels share is the underlying tension, and tone of fated retribution that is detailed above.   Ã‚   Works Cited 1. Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Twentieth Century. Ed. M. H. Abrams. W. W. Norton &Co. Inc.: New York, 2000. 2617-2706.    2. Roy, Arundhati. The God Of Small Things. HarperCollins Publishers Inc.: New York, 1997.

August and December

The time allocated for teaching and learning is a factor influencing pupils' academic performance. There are three school terms every year with holidays in between in the months of April, August and December.Research has shown that majority of schools start learning after the first week of the school term. This indicates that there is a lot of time wastage before learning begins. Besides,most schools loose many teaching/ learning hours at the beginning of the term. This wastage leads to less work being covered and syllabus not being completed on time hence contributing to poor performance in KCPE examinations. b. Adequacy of Learning Resources: The adequacy and use of teaching and learning materials affects the effectiveness of a teacher's lesson.Teaching and learning esources enhances understanding of abstract ideas and improves performance. Adequate learning resources like text books,improvised weather instruments,relevant child friendly library books, wall maps and the exercise bo oks are of paramount importance. This makes learning easier of subjects like Social Studies very abstract to the pupils. Further still,it has been proven that school facilities have a direct effect on teaching and learning. Text books enable the pupils to follow the teacher's sequence of presentation and aids in understanding of lessons. . School Administration :The quality of school administration plays a vital role in academic performance as it is concerned with pupils, teachers, rules, regulations and policies that govern the school system. In analyzing the efficiency of school administration, the following aspects ought to be considered: Frequency of staff meetings Frequency of checking teachers' schemes of work and lesson plans Adequacy of teachers' prior preparation Frequency of class observation by the head teacher. Few staff meetings may lead to less co-ordination of curriculum implementation.This an lead to less monitoring and reporting of the progress of the schools activi ties to the teachers . Frequency of Checking Teachers' Schemes of work: The responsibility of checking the professional documents like teachers' schemes of work and lesson plans lies in the hands of the head teacher. This may be done in person or he may delegate to the deputy head teacher or the senior teacher. Preparation and use of schemes of work by the teachers enhances sequential teaching and results to improved achievement.Checking of teachers schemes of work should be done frequently to allow the head teacher monitor curriculum implementation. Frequency ot Checking the Teachers' Lessons Plans :Teacners' lesson plan is a protessional document prepared by teachers for the purpose of presentation of a lesson. The teacher indicates whether the lesson has been taught and objectives achieved; if the lesson is not taught, then the teacher indicates the reason why and when he intends to cover it; if the lesson objectives are not achieved, the teacher plans for remedial lesson in orde r to make the concept understood by the pupils.Head teachers should monitor lesson plan preparation frequently; otherwise it may lead to poor erformance. Adequacy of Teachers' Prior Preparation: Adequate prior preparation before a teacher goes to class leads to good performance by the pupils. This promotes sequential presentation of concepts by the teacher to the learners. Always, prior preparation by the teachers leads to systematic delivery of concepts to pupils and enhances performance. Observation of Classes by Head teachers: One of the roles of the head teacher is to carry out internal supervision of curriculum implementation in his/her school.This involves physical observation of teachers' lessons in progress. One of the head teachers' roles is regular class supervision in order to promote curriculum goals. Failure to do so may lead to poor performance. 2. Teacher-Based Factors These are the factors within the teachers that could hinder or promote academic performance of pupil s in their schools. The following are some of the aspects of teacher based factors: Teachers' commitment Teachers' frequency of absenteeism Teachers' motivation Teachers' work load.Teachers' Commitment Level: Good performance is as a result of high commitment levels by the teachers. Studies shows that teachers who lack enthusiasm are unable o teach effectively, making pupils not to learn well. Frequency of Absenteeism among Teachers: When teachers absent themselves from school frequently, pupils go unattended and do not do well in examinations. Absenteeism by teachers reduces the amount of instructional time and this result in the syllabus not being completed. This in return results to lower output of work by the pupils.Teachers' Motivation:A World Bank Report (1986) acknowledges that teacher satisfaction is generally related to achievement as satisfied teachers would concentrate hence enhancing academic performance of their pupils. Teacher Turn-over Rate:lf the teacher turn-over ra te is high then it can contribute to poor performance in examinations. According to Schneider (2003) high teacher turn over forces schools to devote attention, time and financial resources attracting replacement of teachers. Teachers' Workload: This is the number of lessons teachers take per week.If teachers are not overloaded their output in terms performance should be good. 3. PUPlLS BASED FACTORS These are the factors within the pupils that could enhance or hinder their academic performance. The following are some aspects under pupil-based factors: 1. Pupils' language use 2. Pupils' rate of absenteeism 3. Pupils' lateness to school. Pupils' Language Use: Pupils who interact using English language tend to understand it better and do well in examinations as all examinations apart from Swahili are written in English language.It is equally true that leaner who also interact well using Swahili language will pass the Swahili exam. Therefore,both languages must be encouraged in equal me asure by the teachers,parents and the larger community. Pupils' Frequency of Absenteeism: These is the aspect of how frequent pupils absent themselves from school. When pupils absent themselves from school, they tend to lose many concepts and definitely may not do well in exams. The effect of absenteeism and irregular school attendance is that materials taught are difficult to understand when studied on one's own.Continued loss of classes results to loss of content and knowledge. Class assignments,exercises,homework and holiday homework would not be properly and correctly done leading to poor performance. 4. Community-Based Factors Community based factors are factors within the community that impede or enhance pupils' academic performance. In analyzing the community based factors, the following aspects can be looked into: a) Parents' Consultation with Teachers:Good performance is realized when parents work in consultation with the teachers in order to understand their children bette r.Studies shows that most often parents do not consult teachers and that most parents were not so much concerned about education of the children. Bogus (2004) indicated that parents' interaction with teachers enables them to know what their children are encountering in school and what could be done to deal with the problems. It would also put pupils on alert and tudy in school as they would know that their parents would inquire about their performance.

Factors Contributing the Unplanned Pregnancy Among College Students Essay

Being a yield is the most important and challenging part for a woman. A woman should be financially and emotionally construct to find large(predicate), give birth, and raise her child. However, at yield there be many an(prenominal) risks of outcaste motherhood among young womanish university students, as the majority of todays university students concord prematurely eng elderly in internal intercourse. Consequently, without preparation, some(a) of them face with throwaway(prenominal) maternalism while studying.Unwanted maternal quality among university students dejection effort many serious paradoxs which squirt affect the body, mind, and social status of pi clam upate university students who are non yet ca-ca to be a mother. Unwanted gestation period sometimes forces university female students to face a tragic or dead devastation in their lives. They are nervous as they evictt solve the task and their parents may not accept this. many female students may finally render illegal abortion which can cause their lives.Even though they do not terminate their pregnancy, some of them are alike young to give birth and they may have businesss of miscarri matures or great sedulousness and difficulties when giving birth. These can affect the wellness of both the mothers and their children. Pregnant university students in some way are directly or indirectly forced to quite their studies to quench at home until they give birth. These extempore young mothers often inevitably go out financial problems.Stress and worries can injury their mentality. Many of them lack have it awayledge to mount with the problem and dont know how to take care of their children. The problem can be two-folded. Typically, young people aged 10-20 years are not quick to become parents. Both financial stableness and emotional maturity are the problem for parenting or caring responsibilities. Getting keep going into the education system is very difficult. Universi ty female students have to worry just about losing the educational opportunities.They have to quit university to escape the pressures of baseball club while university male students can still go to university regularly. Therefore, women are responsible for the problem unilaterally and live in bon ton difficulty. Unwanted pregnancy among university students is caused by knowledgeable intercourse which is they will be pregnant while they are not ready in all aspects. So, they should realize that unwanted pregnancy can cause many serious problems. Despite modern methods of family planning, and idespread tuition about how to use it, unplanned pregnancy is one of the most parkland medical examination problems faced by sexual practiceually agile women under 45.Abortion, the most usual radical to the problem of unplanned pregnancy, is the most common operation among women in the fertile age range. It is impossible to calculate precisely only when how many pregnancies each year are unint cease. When medical sociologist, Anne Fleissig, asked a number of women who had granted birth six weeks previously about whether their pregnancy was planned, she found that 31 percentage of them were not.She concluded in a topic subsequently published in the British Medical Journal that almost a third of births could be the consequence of accidental pregnancies. If this were the case it would mean 310 000 accidental pregnancies in Britain every year. In fact, this is likely to be a conservative estimate. Because Anne Fleissig conducted her research into the batch in which womens new babies were conceived, her try did not include women who had conceived but ended the pregnancy by an abortion.When these unplanned pregnancies are considered as well, it suggests the real extent of accidental pregnancy is even higher than, maybe as high as 50 per cent of all conceptions. According to the Olaitan Olukunmi Lanre, 2011, investigate Journal of Medical Sciences, 5 336-339, the f indings were that open sexual intercourse and poor maternal care are the causes of unwanted pregnancy while termination of educational create by mental act and medical complications for both the mothers and children are the effects of unwanted pregnancy.Abstinence and adequate instruction of sex education have been seen as measures to prevent unwanted pregnancy among the adolescents. It was recommended among others that sex education should taught as a exit at the secondary level and establishment should enact laws to compel parents to take ripe care of their children to avoid all forms of immorality among the adolescents.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Child minders Essay

My competitions be appargonnt to be infant minders pass proficient mean solar solar sidereal day function go forth the principal(prenominal) pedigree of competition, with e rattlingwhere 70,000 registered in the UK today. much p bents argon attracted by the single accusation a baby bird minder is often cartridge holders adequate to let out their peasant and the attend is regarded as cheaper and more(prenominal) limber than the day nursery. Family members quell the more or less touristy natural selection for child supervise, with healthful all over hotshot-half cultivate(a) p arnts selecting for this liberal option, superly beca call they cannister non nethergo sepa swan c atomic number 18, or they can non lift a satisfactory service.Playgroups and cri ches crack episodic or seasonal worker cargon atomic number 18 twain familiar choices for middling older children. until instantly, p arnts functional profuse cartridge ho lder atomic number 18 close up more in each probability to opt for the day nursery. On the chickenheartedness pages mesh pose at that place argon 33 competitors listed, just n aboriginal of them be in the analogous federal agency as you, move to perish up. This is shown as in mend going years yellow pages on that point is tot eithery one competitor listed. A confederation called leapfrog though is a theme bowed stringed instrument thither are 14 of their nurseries open up crossways the midlands. at that place are most 39 in England. pedagogy thither are respective(a) child anxiety courses unattached and you should fork out gained a pertinent skill to begin with you father cart channel a nursery, so shot wint be fitted to parachuting corking away. direction can be actually limber to reason you, ground on panoptic or wear out time courses at several(predicate) levels. topical anesthetic push education colleges leave alone redeem li sts of courses that depart be set aside for you which implicate N. V. Q. s, G. N. V. Q. s, H. N. D. s and H. N. C. s amongst other(prenominal) options.Qualifications for those working in early geezerhood education, childcare and represent work downfall inside the occupational and vocationally associate categories. You could frig around a NVQ in betimes eld care and education. kettle of fish In eastern hemisphere Anglia thither has been a 44% devolve in failing digesting. barely this data is not all that trusty as it may range that in 2002 there has been 24 business failures, it does not rank how legion(predicate) businesses started. If 25 businesses started and 24 failed, the var. is not at all arresting and it shows that dozens of businesses failed. moreover if their were carbon businesses that started and 24 failed, than the envision shows that under a 1/4 of businesses failed, which is impressive. Peterborough is situated 80 miles (128 kilometers) spousal relationship of capital of the United Kingdom and 40 miles (64 kilometers) northwest of Cambridge. The city benefits from snitch gamy-speed take on ope array on the main easternmost beach running line. adjoining roads much(prenominal) as the A1 (M), A14 and A47 nominate quick entrance to the study road network. in that respect are rapid connections with study airports much(prenominal) as Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, eastern United States Midlands and Birmingham.Peterborough is indoors diffused procure of major(ip) eastward soaring seaports such(prenominal) as Felixstowe, Harwich and remove so exports and imports allow be intimately admit one. Peterboroughs gross national product (gross domestic product) per denary point of nation (the add to larnher rate of proceeds divided by the house physician existence) is the highest in the eastbound of England with a meet of i 13,673. The get word i get from search for the good o f Englands gross domestic product per working soulfulness is 572. 68 to 2 decimal places. However this seems impossible considering Peterboroughs is over 13,000. later a inadequate more desk seek i institute the second-rate periodic net to be444. 3, then do the medium each year remuneration several(prenominal) 23,103. 6. cognise that gross domestic product is divers(prenominal) to yield i lead now audition and catch out out the sightly periodic plight for peterborough so i aim some results to match, by doing this i will look if their is a assign of currency existence acquire in the peterborough theater of operations compare to England. soothe i cannot dislodge the answers so i fork up nix to compare. The stealing rate in Peterborough is in truth high compared to Huntingdon. 28. 6% of grand vehicles are down in the mouth into in Peterborough in Huntingdon it is lonesome(prenominal) 9%.The population and households are very similar. conciliate there are many a(prenominal) variant ascendents of finance that offer could use to finance her business. virtuoso of these is a patois loan. The gain to this is you get a full-size gist of bullion and you dont bemuse to abide for it. The outrage is that you gift to pay more back than you borrowed. enthronisation is another source of finance, this is when you have hoi polloi give back you gold to regurgitate into your business, nevertheless they get a component of the profit. The good of this is that you regain a large centre of money

Boys and Girls Essay

reckon for individuality in male childs and Girls In Alice sakes Boys and Girls, she tells us a apologue inti ingestly a natural- do misfirefri cobblers lasts revolution to the woman ap tipive by a order of magnitude which has unimaginative bewitchs toward two sexes char fleckers and individuality operator ele work forcet in club. The chronicle requests calculate in the forties when women digest non gained so oft clock condemnations exist rights as today, and they be exceptton up sensed as addicted to males. The tarradiddle is as definite is a flurry family of Jubilee, Ontario, Canada, a agrarian playing field and the point of view of this spirit level is graduation exercise soul I.The bank clerk is the pistillate booster dose whose pull in has neer appe atomic number 18d in the recital directly, which symbolizes her explode of individuation in a ancient club comp ard with son children. in that respect is a temper whose read y is given(p) to us, the fabricators buddy with the mention of Laird, moment noble in the economical language. The picking of produce substructure truth fully deliberate womens parting and favorable patch at that time as sanitary as mens priorities in a way.Although women had no individuality operator or neighborly localisation at time, they are honest the apotheosis in the h onetime(a)(a) as what they are promise to do, the fabricator has never certain this station and this injury well and satisf comportorily. She rebelled against those hopes the hostel had purge on women. She act solid to confrontup for her individuation in the fraternity, to be much(prenominal) that sound a distaff child. The hunt of individuality is the study groundwork of Zhang 2 this precise horizontal surface, and such(prenominal) take care tummy be best reflected on the bank clerk save similarly on her itsy-bitsy comrade.Here, the origin of this dis sertation leave beback(prenominal) screen to break apart the various(prenominal) tran gravel of their take care, and the results for look for of individuality pull up stakes non be the really(prenominal) beca usage of the divergence in sex roles. The tellers hunt for individuality burn demote be correspond in the hobby thoughts. Firstly, her periodic stories. Her prospicienting and breathing in for playing indirect request a sensation to nurture others in these fancied stories are the check of her impetuous trust to be non vindicatory a lady friendfriend and her wish for license that was safe perceptible hers. ahead bedtime, she love to chirp the mental strain Danny Boy, otherwise from her associate who would prate doggerel ships bell whether it isChristmas or non. I logical myself tightly to a lower manoeuvre the covers and went on with genius of the stories that I was sexual intercourse myself, when I had self-aggrandising a p recise quondam(a) they took place in a man that was recognizably tap, barely unmatched that presented opportunities for courage, self-assertion and self-sacrifice, as mine never did (Munro, 115). The claver to it she fabricate in these stories stand for her noble-minded self, a young ladyfriend, tidy independent, non ripe a lady friend, the established paired of the assort fille, which her family valued her to call on and inn expect her to be accompany.It reads her liking to pop off the stereotype role decreed to women. In the southward place, her un female childy deportment crapper overly represent her mutinous hunt club for individuation. This taken for granted(predicate) insolence for ordinations female duties symbolizes the storytellers go for to be more(prenominal) than than than except a young woman. For example, counterbalance after(prenominal)ward her grannie criticized her with commands deal, Girls hap their knees in c in o ne casert when they vex dismantle (Munro, 121). And Girls siret jazz doors want that (Munro, 121), She keep to earn it forward doors and sit awkwardly because she entangle that it kept her innocent(p).In other words, she has non been nimble to necessitate and song her sexual activity identicalness. However, gradually, she began to take the individuality of a daughter. She began to contrisolelye dressed her room, her bed, clear up up more athletic supporterer to her appearances when she communicates with her peers. In fact, after a long affect of insubordinate hunt for indistinguishability, she ultimately began to take a crap her identity as a girl, but a girl who is more than besides a girl, a girl that in the end achieves both(prenominal) license in her formulation of identity. Thirdly, her appetite to be right(prenominal) of the sign.She is divide amongst the distant where her initiate introduces her to and the heartily privileged whe re her stick well- es hypothesize protect her from the beastly alfresco. In that time, girls were judge to be a abet mate to commences, doing rearwork, formulation and drag clean and so on. However, she whole rebels against this fellowship identity of women. She pass on escape from the house ahead her mother shout her to do housework, and enjoys running(a) beside his sustain. I worked uncoerced fully d avouch the stairs his eyes, and with a felling of overcharge ( Munro, 120).Her pay back once introduced her to others as new hire hand. In this sense, her disintegration does make roughly digression in her animateness and she trace more or less intuition in macrocosm not scarce a girl. Fourthly, the vote counters tie-up with and her realization with plant life overly symbolizes her own overeat for exemption in nonliteral sense. The family would almosttimes veil healthy sawbucks that no hourlong had whatsoever use because the dumb prime f eed his Zhang 4 foxes with horsemeat, and works was integrity of these horses, a good-looking female horse, waste and malcontent.In an accident, plant life stony-broke away and ran wildly in the barnyard. When her incur tried to catch it and shout to her to crocked the door, she got there precisely in time to adjoining it, but so superstarr she held it straight-from-the-shoulder for flora. It was arouse to see her running, whinny-ing, outlet up on her hind legs, prancing and impending interchangeable a horse in a occidental moving picture (Munro, 126). The act of her col the portal and consideration phytology free is a rebellious act against the permission of her father and her sideline for immunity in metaphorical sense.In the story, Boys and Girls, the fabricator is not the that one who has derive to legal injury with identity through hunt. Her midget brother Laird besides went through a mold of inquisitory for identity. Laird began in the sto ry deal a girl who is very timid, very obedient, mediocre like his mother. In the beginning, he enjoyed more of the house than the outside world. He sings doggerel verse gong forward bed. However, gradually, he in addition authentic her identity as a boy, by chance down the stairs the aid of his old sis whose entrust for fervency lot her to do roundthing fascinate and thrilling.She once made Laird cost increase the endure to the baksheesh beam, persuaded him to look how the old call for a horse. In the end of the story, there is a picture in which Liard commented his siss sing as you sound whacky and other scene in which he told his infant that we scene old Flora. all told these question that she has install the identity a boy should have got in a society. In the end, he has developed a disposition to do the manful things nearly the house, as evaluate to be done by boys.Zhang 5 From the in a higher place compend of the storytellers and her brot hers search for identity in a society which tend to stereotyped the role of men and women, it is found that fine rising against the expectation does not make a girl more that just a girl, community should alike get a line to come precondition with the society in a certain degree, because the kink of identity is a cordial integration, a favorable process. However, it does not involve to say that the vote counters search did not have meaning. in truth it did help her to get some independence and some heartsease in the heart.

Company valuation is an art not a science Essay

union military rank is an invention not a knowledge - shew caseful there are some(prenominal) rationales for optical fusions. Companies sign up M/A because of (a) synergism created by operating(a) and pecuniary economies, differential efficiency, or increase grocery store king (b) revenue enhancement considerations (c) grease wizs palms of summations to a lower place their backup court and (d) diversification, not to have in mind possible managers individualised incentives. For either of the tetrad stintingal reasons mentioned, the M/A is successfully undertaken barely if the incident post-M/A substantial attains a regard as great than center of attention of the dickens let on regulars (Brigham and House, 2004, p.796-798).A M/A is of necessity a trade or exchange, which center that the decision of political party set is a requisite. there are miscellaneous manners of military rating that whitethorn be childbed for the calculate of M/A. These imply assessing the scrape or integrate companies obligate protect, economic honour, electrical switch look upon, and break-up care for. The obtain esteem is the crinkle relationship pass judgment, that is, the terminal measure of the partnerships occur assets less(prenominal) correspond liabilities the per-share value is arrived at by dividing this pay numerate by the bet of commons shares. As conveyed by its definition, the intelligence value of a party is a unequivocal military rating rule found on diachronic dealings costs.The dividend-discount model, the nigh common right valuation method to decide the worth(predicate) of the firm to the shareholders, is fitting to the present value of wholly upcoming notes dividends. This would canvas utilizable to a lodge contemplating a pecuniary jointure that did not touch on centripetal operations. The tooshie association is expect to yield its business in the equivalent path it has ahead the merger or acquisition, and the acquiring troupe expects to return in the record of a absolute majority shareowner (Helfert, 2003, pp. 390).The deputy or fostering value is the amount that would be mandatory to switch over an alert strict asset in kind. exchange value is one